March 14th, 1705
The English act that permitted the direct export of Irish linen to the American colonies was passed in 1705. This legislation, known as the “Act to Encourage the Trade to America” (also sometimes referred to as the Irish Linen Act), was significant for the economy of Ireland, particularly for the linen industry, which was one of the country’s most important sectors.
Prior to this act, Irish linen had to be exported to England or Wales before being re-exported to international markets, including the American colonies. This process was cumbersome and costly, putting Irish linen at a disadvantage compared to linen produced in other countries. The 1705 act allowed for the direct export of Irish linen to the American colonies, bypassing England, which reduced costs and made Irish linen more competitive. This legislative change was a result of lobbying by the Irish linen industry and was intended to stimulate economic growth and employment in Ireland.
The act was a milestone for the Irish economy, leading to an expansion of the linen trade with the American colonies and later with other parts of the world. It helped to establish Irish linen as a highly valued commodity, known for its quality and craftsmanship. The linen industry became a cornerstone of the Irish economy, particularly in Ulster, where it provided employment and supported rural communities.
The “Act to Encourage the Trade to America” is an example of how legislation can impact economic development and trade patterns. It also highlights the interconnectedness of the British Empire’s economies and the ways in which colonies and mother countries negotiated economic relationships in the early modern period.
